FD.io VPP  v19.01.3-6-g70449b9b9
Vector Packet Processing
dpdk.h
Go to the documentation of this file.
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
3  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5  * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
6  *
7  * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8  *
9  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13  * limitations under the License.
14  */
15 #ifndef __included_dpdk_h__
16 #define __included_dpdk_h__
17 
18 /* $$$$ We should rename always_inline -> clib_always_inline */
19 #undef always_inline
20 
21 #define ALLOW_EXPERIMENTAL_API
22 
23 #include <rte_config.h>
24 
25 #include <rte_common.h>
26 #include <rte_dev.h>
27 #include <rte_memory.h>
28 #include <rte_eal.h>
29 #include <rte_per_lcore.h>
30 #include <rte_cycles.h>
31 #include <rte_lcore.h>
32 #include <rte_per_lcore.h>
33 #include <rte_interrupts.h>
34 #include <rte_pci.h>
35 #include <rte_ether.h>
36 #include <rte_ethdev.h>
37 #include <rte_ring.h>
38 #include <rte_mempool.h>
39 #include <rte_mbuf.h>
40 #include <rte_version.h>
41 #include <rte_eth_bond.h>
42 #include <rte_sched.h>
43 #include <rte_net.h>
44 #include <rte_bus_pci.h>
45 #include <rte_flow.h>
46 
47 #include <vppinfra/pcap.h>
48 #include <vnet/devices/devices.h>
49 
50 #if CLIB_DEBUG > 0
51 #define always_inline static inline
52 #else
53 #define always_inline static inline __attribute__ ((__always_inline__))
54 #endif
55 
56 #include <vlib/pci/pci.h>
57 #include <vnet/flow/flow.h>
58 
59 #define NB_MBUF (16<<10)
60 
64 
65 #define foreach_dpdk_pmd \
66  _ ("net_thunderx", THUNDERX) \
67  _ ("net_e1000_em", E1000EM) \
68  _ ("net_e1000_igb", IGB) \
69  _ ("net_e1000_igb_vf", IGBVF) \
70  _ ("net_ixgbe", IXGBE) \
71  _ ("net_ixgbe_vf", IXGBEVF) \
72  _ ("net_i40e", I40E) \
73  _ ("net_i40e_vf", I40EVF) \
74  _ ("net_virtio", VIRTIO) \
75  _ ("net_enic", ENIC) \
76  _ ("net_vmxnet3", VMXNET3) \
77  _ ("AF_PACKET PMD", AF_PACKET) \
78  _ ("net_bonding", BOND) \
79  _ ("net_fm10k", FM10K) \
80  _ ("net_cxgbe", CXGBE) \
81  _ ("net_mlx4", MLX4) \
82  _ ("net_mlx5", MLX5) \
83  _ ("net_dpaa2", DPAA2) \
84  _ ("net_virtio_user", VIRTIO_USER) \
85  _ ("net_vhost", VHOST_ETHER) \
86  _ ("net_ena", ENA) \
87  _ ("net_failsafe", FAILSAFE) \
88  _ ("net_liovf", LIOVF_ETHER) \
89  _ ("net_qede", QEDE) \
90  _ ("net_netvsc", NETVSC)
91 
92 typedef enum
93 {
95 #define _(s,f) VNET_DPDK_PMD_##f,
97 #undef _
98  VNET_DPDK_PMD_UNKNOWN, /* must be last */
99 } dpdk_pmd_t;
100 
101 typedef enum
102 {
123 
124 typedef uint16_t dpdk_portid_t;
125 
126 typedef struct
127 {
128  /* Required for vec_validate_aligned */
129  CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK (cacheline0);
130 
131  struct rte_ring *swq;
132 
142  u32 hqos_tc_table[64];
144 
145 typedef struct
146 {
147  /* Required for vec_validate_aligned */
148  CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK (cacheline0);
149  struct rte_ring **swq;
150  struct rte_mbuf **pkts_enq;
151  struct rte_mbuf **pkts_deq;
152  struct rte_sched_port *hqos;
159 
160 #define foreach_dpdk_device_flags \
161  _( 0, ADMIN_UP, "admin-up") \
162  _( 1, PROMISC, "promisc") \
163  _( 2, PMD, "pmd") \
164  _( 3, PMD_INIT_FAIL, "pmd-init-fail") \
165  _( 4, MAYBE_MULTISEG, "maybe-multiseg") \
166  _( 5, HAVE_SUBIF, "subif") \
167  _( 6, HQOS, "hqos") \
168  _( 7, BOND_SLAVE, "bond-slave") \
169  _( 8, BOND_SLAVE_UP, "bond-slave-up") \
170  _( 9, TX_OFFLOAD, "tx-offload") \
171  _(10, INTEL_PHDR_CKSUM, "intel-phdr-cksum") \
172  _(11, RX_FLOW_OFFLOAD, "rx-flow-offload") \
173  _(12, RX_IP4_CKSUM, "rx-ip4-cksum")
174 
175 enum
176 {
177 #define _(a, b, c) DPDK_DEVICE_FLAG_##b = (1 << a),
179 #undef _
180 };
181 
182 typedef struct
183 {
186  struct rte_flow *handle;
188 
189 typedef struct
190 {
195 
196 typedef struct
197 {
198  CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK (cacheline0);
199  volatile u32 **lockp;
200 
201  /* Instance ID to access internal device array. */
203 
204  /* DPDK device port number */
206 
209 
210  /* next node index if we decide to steal the rx graph arc */
212 
215 
217 
219  CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK (cacheline1);
220 
223 
224  /* number of sub-interfaces */
226 
227  /* PMD related */
233  struct rte_eth_conf port_conf;
234  struct rte_eth_txconf tx_conf;
235 
236  /* flow related */
240  u32 *parked_lookup_indexes; /* vector */
242  struct rte_flow_error last_flow_error;
243 
244  /* HQoS related */
247 
248  /* af_packet or BondEthernet instance number */
251 
252  /* Bonded interface port# of a slave -
253  only valid if DPDK_DEVICE_FLAG_BOND_SLAVE bit is set */
255 
256  struct rte_eth_link link;
258 
259  struct rte_eth_stats stats;
260  struct rte_eth_stats last_stats;
261  struct rte_eth_stats last_cleared_stats;
262  struct rte_eth_xstat *xstats;
263  struct rte_eth_xstat *last_cleared_xstats;
266 
267  /* mac address */
269 
270  /* error string */
272 } dpdk_device_t;
273 
274 #define DPDK_STATS_POLL_INTERVAL (10.0)
275 #define DPDK_MIN_STATS_POLL_INTERVAL (0.001) /* 1msec */
276 
277 #define DPDK_LINK_POLL_INTERVAL (3.0)
278 #define DPDK_MIN_LINK_POLL_INTERVAL (0.001) /* 1msec */
279 
280 typedef struct
281 {
285 
286 #ifndef DPDK_HQOS_DBG_BYPASS
287 #define DPDK_HQOS_DBG_BYPASS 0
288 #endif
289 
290 #ifndef HQOS_FLUSH_COUNT_THRESHOLD
291 #define HQOS_FLUSH_COUNT_THRESHOLD 100000
292 #endif
293 
295 {
298 
302 
310 
311  struct rte_sched_port_params port;
312  struct rte_sched_subport_params *subport;
313  struct rte_sched_pipe_params *pipe;
314  uint32_t *pipe_map;
316 
317 int dpdk_hqos_validate_mask (u64 mask, u32 n);
319  hqos, u32 pipe_profile_id);
324  struct rte_mbuf **pkts, u32 n_pkts);
325 
326 #define foreach_dpdk_device_config_item \
327  _ (num_rx_queues) \
328  _ (num_tx_queues) \
329  _ (num_rx_desc) \
330  _ (num_tx_desc) \
331  _ (rss_fn)
332 
333 typedef struct
334 {
335  vlib_pci_addr_t pci_addr;
339 #define DPDK_DEVICE_VLAN_STRIP_DEFAULT 0
340 #define DPDK_DEVICE_VLAN_STRIP_OFF 1
341 #define DPDK_DEVICE_VLAN_STRIP_ON 2
342 
343 #define _(x) uword x;
345 #undef _
350 
351 typedef struct
352 {
353 
354  /* Config stuff */
361 
362  /* Required config parameters */
368 
369  /*
370  * format interface names ala xxxEthernet%d/%d/%d instead of
371  * xxxEthernet%x/%x/%x.
372  */
374 
375  /* per-device config */
379 
380  /* devices blacklist by pci vendor_id, device_id */
382 
384 
386 
387 #define DPDK_RX_BURST_SZ VLIB_FRAME_SIZE
388 
389 typedef struct
390 {
391  CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK (cacheline0);
392  struct rte_mbuf *mbufs[DPDK_RX_BURST_SZ];
399 
400 typedef struct
401 {
405 } dpdk_pcap_t;
406 
407 typedef struct
408 {
409 
410  /* Devices */
414 
415  /* buffer flags template, configurable to enable/disable tcp / udp cksum */
417 
418  /* pcap tracing */
420 
426 
427  /*
428  * flag indicating that a posted admin up/down
429  * (via post_sw_interface_set_flags) is in progress
430  */
432 
433  /* which cpus are running I/O TX */
436 
437  /* control interval of dpdk link state and stat polling */
440 
441  /* convenience */
445 
446  /* mempool */
447  struct rte_mempool **pktmbuf_pools;
448 
449  /* API message ID base */
451 
452  /* logging */
454 } dpdk_main_t;
455 
456 extern dpdk_main_t dpdk_main;
457 
458 typedef struct
459 {
463  struct rte_mbuf mb;
464  /* Copy of VLIB buffer; packet data stored in pre_data. */
466  u8 data[256]; /* First 256 data bytes, used for hexdump */
468 
469 typedef struct
470 {
474  struct rte_mbuf mb;
475  vlib_buffer_t buffer; /* Copy of VLIB buffer; pkt data stored in pre_data. */
476  u8 data[256]; /* First 256 data bytes, used for hexdump */
478 
479 void dpdk_device_setup (dpdk_device_t * xd);
480 void dpdk_device_start (dpdk_device_t * xd);
481 void dpdk_device_stop (dpdk_device_t * xd);
482 
484  enum rte_eth_event_type type,
485  void *param, void *ret_param);
486 
487 #define foreach_dpdk_error \
488  _(NONE, "no error") \
489  _(RX_PACKET_ERROR, "Rx packet errors") \
490  _(RX_BAD_FCS, "Rx bad fcs") \
491  _(IP_CHECKSUM_ERROR, "Rx ip checksum errors") \
492  _(RX_ALLOC_FAIL, "rx buf alloc from free list failed") \
493  _(RX_ALLOC_NO_PHYSMEM, "rx buf alloc failed no physmem") \
494  _(RX_ALLOC_DROP_PKTS, "rx packets dropped due to alloc error")
495 
496 typedef enum
497 {
498 #define _(f,s) DPDK_ERROR_##f,
500 #undef _
502 } dpdk_error_t;
503 
504 #define dpdk_log_err(...) \
505  vlib_log(VLIB_LOG_LEVEL_ERR, dpdk_main.log_default, __VA_ARGS__)
506 #define dpdk_log_warn(...) \
507  vlib_log(VLIB_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, dpdk_main.log_default, __VA_ARGS__)
508 #define dpdk_log_notice(...) \
509  vlib_log(VLIB_LOG_LEVEL_NOTICE, dpdk_main.log_default, __VA_ARGS__)
510 #define dpdk_log_info(...) \
511  vlib_log(VLIB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, dpdk_main.log_default, __VA_ARGS__)
512 
513 void dpdk_update_link_state (dpdk_device_t * xd, f64 now);
514 
528 
532 
534  u32 elt_size, u32 num_elts,
535  u32 pool_priv_size, u16 cache_size, u8 numa,
536  struct rte_mempool **_mp, u32 * map_index);
537 
538 clib_error_t *dpdk_buffer_pool_create (vlib_main_t * vm, unsigned num_mbufs,
539  unsigned socket_id);
540 
541 struct rte_pci_device *dpdk_get_pci_device (const struct rte_eth_dev_info
542  *info);
543 
544 #if CLI_DEBUG
545 int dpdk_buffer_validate_trajectory_all (u32 * uninitialized);
546 void dpdk_buffer_poison_trajectory_all (void);
547 #endif
548 
549 #endif /* __included_dpdk_h__ */
550 
551 /*
552  * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
553  *
554  * Local Variables:
555  * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
556  * End:
557  */
#define foreach_dpdk_device_flags
Definition: dpdk.h:160
u8 * default_mac_address
Definition: dpdk.h:268
format_function_t format_dpdk_tx_trace
Definition: dpdk.h:518
f64 time_last_link_update
Definition: dpdk.h:257
struct dpdk_device_config_hqos_t dpdk_device_config_hqos_t
format_function_t format_dpdk_flow
Definition: dpdk.h:522
u32 vlib_log_class_t
Definition: log.h:21
#define CLIB_CACHE_LINE_ALIGN_MARK(mark)
Definition: cache.h:60
u32 flags
Definition: vhost_user.h:115
format_function_t format_dpdk_tx_offload_caps
Definition: dpdk.h:525
u8 * eal_init_args_str
Definition: dpdk.h:356
u8 interface_name_format_decimal
Definition: dpdk.h:373
dpdk_main_t dpdk_main
Definition: init.c:43
int dpdk_hqos_validate_mask(u64 mask, u32 n)
Definition: hqos.c:168
vlib_node_registration_t admin_up_down_process_node
(constructor) VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (admin_up_down_process_node)
Definition: device.c:626
vnet_device_class_t dpdk_device_class
unsigned long u64
Definition: types.h:89
u32 sw_if_index
Definition: dpdk.h:208
#define foreach_dpdk_error
Definition: dpdk.h:487
dpdk_error_t
Definition: dpdk.h:496
PCAP utility definitions.
u16 flags
Definition: dpdk.h:216
dpdk_device_and_queue_t ** devices_by_hqos_cpu
Definition: dpdk.h:412
clib_error_t * errors
Definition: dpdk.h:271
struct rte_sched_port_params port
Definition: dpdk.h:311
u32 per_interface_next_index
Definition: dpdk.h:211
u8 enable_tcp_udp_checksum
Definition: dpdk.h:359
struct rte_mbuf ** pkts_enq
Definition: dpdk.h:150
struct rte_ring ** swq
Definition: dpdk.h:149
struct rte_sched_port * hqos
Definition: dpdk.h:152
u32 supported_flow_actions
Definition: dpdk.h:237
u16 bond_instance_num
Definition: dpdk.h:250
struct rte_flow * handle
Definition: dpdk.h:186
struct rte_eth_xstat * last_cleared_xstats
Definition: dpdk.h:263
format_function_t format_dpdk_rte_mbuf
Definition: dpdk.h:520
dpdk_device_config_hqos_t hqos
Definition: dpdk.h:348
u16 num_subifs
Definition: dpdk.h:225
struct _vnet_device_class vnet_device_class_t
u8 * pcap_filename
Definition: dpdk.h:423
u32 * blacklist_by_pci_vendor_and_device
Definition: dpdk.h:381
unsigned char u8
Definition: types.h:56
double f64
Definition: types.h:142
u8 *() format_function_t(u8 *s, va_list *args)
Definition: format.h:48
struct rte_sched_pipe_params * pipe
Definition: dpdk.h:313
clib_error_t * dpdk_pool_create(vlib_main_t *vm, u8 *pool_name, u32 elt_size, u32 num_elts, u32 pool_priv_size, u16 cache_size, u8 numa, struct rte_mempool **_mp, u32 *map_index)
Definition: buffer.c:377
foreach_dpdk_device_config_item clib_bitmap_t * workers
Definition: dpdk.h:346
PCAP main state data structure.
Definition: pcap.h:156
dpdk_config_main_t dpdk_config_main
Definition: init.c:44
dpdk_portid_t port_id
Definition: dpdk.h:205
vlib_node_registration_t dpdk_input_node
(constructor) VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (dpdk_input_node)
Definition: node.c:519
struct rte_mbuf ** pkts_deq
Definition: dpdk.h:151
dpdk_device_config_t default_devconf
Definition: dpdk.h:376
u32 buffer_index
Definition: dpdk.h:460
f64 stat_poll_interval
Definition: dpdk.h:439
u32 pcap_pkts_to_capture
Definition: dpdk.h:425
u16 rx_q_used
Definition: dpdk.h:229
unsigned int u32
Definition: types.h:88
i16 buffer_advance
Definition: dpdk.h:193
format_function_t format_dpdk_rx_rte_mbuf
Definition: dpdk.h:521
clib_error_t * unformat_rss_fn(unformat_input_t *input, uword *rss_fn)
Definition: format.c:902
u32 parked_loop_count
Definition: dpdk.h:241
dpdk_device_hqos_per_worker_thread_t * hqos_wt
Definition: dpdk.h:245
#define DPDK_RX_BURST_SZ
Definition: dpdk.h:387
f64 time_last_stats_update
Definition: dpdk.h:264
u32 pcap_sw_if_index
Definition: dpdk.h:424
vlib_pci_addr_t pci_addr
Definition: dpdk.h:335
dpdk_portid_t bond_port
Definition: dpdk.h:254
u32 pcap_sw_if_index
Definition: dpdk.h:403
u8 ** eal_init_args
Definition: dpdk.h:355
dpdk_per_thread_data_t * per_thread_data
Definition: dpdk.h:413
void dpdk_device_stop(dpdk_device_t *xd)
Definition: common.c:210
pcap_main_t pcap_main
Definition: dpdk.h:422
struct _unformat_input_t unformat_input_t
unsigned short u16
Definition: types.h:57
void dpdk_hqos_metadata_set(dpdk_device_hqos_per_worker_thread_t *hqos, struct rte_mbuf **pkts, u32 n_pkts)
Definition: hqos.c:640
#define foreach_dpdk_pmd
Definition: dpdk.h:65
vlib_buffer_t buffer_template
Definition: dpdk.h:397
dpdk_port_type_t port_type
Definition: dpdk.h:265
signed char i8
Definition: types.h:45
u16 tx_q_used
Definition: dpdk.h:228
u16 nb_rx_desc
Definition: dpdk.h:230
uint16_t dpdk_portid_t
Definition: dpdk.h:124
uword() unformat_function_t(unformat_input_t *input, va_list *args)
Definition: format.h:232
u32 hw_if_index
Definition: dpdk.h:207
u16 af_packet_instance_num
Definition: dpdk.h:249
Definition: dpdk.h:182
dpdk_device_t * devices
Definition: dpdk.h:411
vlib_main_t * vm
Definition: buffer.c:301
dpdk_flow_lookup_entry_t * flow_lookup_entries
Definition: dpdk.h:239
u8 nchannels_set_manually
Definition: dpdk.h:364
u32 * parked_lookup_indexes
Definition: dpdk.h:240
u16 * cpu_socket_id_by_queue
Definition: dpdk.h:231
void dpdk_device_config_hqos_pipe_profile_default(dpdk_device_config_hqos_t *hqos, u32 pipe_profile_id)
Definition: hqos.c:197
volatile u32 ** lockp
Definition: dpdk.h:199
dpdk_device_config_t * dev_confs
Definition: dpdk.h:377
dpdk_pmd_t pmd
Definition: dpdk.h:213
u32 flow_index
Definition: dpdk.h:184
format_function_t format_dpdk_device_errors
Definition: dpdk.h:517
struct rte_pci_device * dpdk_get_pci_device(const struct rte_eth_dev_info *info)
Definition: common.c:350
void dpdk_device_setup(dpdk_device_t *xd)
Definition: common.c:40
u8 coremask_set_manually
Definition: dpdk.h:363
dpdk_pmd_t
Definition: dpdk.h:92
format_function_t format_dpdk_device
Definition: dpdk.h:516
int dpdk_port_state_callback(dpdk_portid_t port_id, enum rte_eth_event_type type, void *param, void *ret_param)
Definition: common.c:340
format_function_t format_dpdk_rss_hf_name
Definition: dpdk.h:523
struct rte_eth_xstat * xstats
Definition: dpdk.h:262
u8 * interface_name_suffix
Definition: dpdk.h:222
u16 device_index
Definition: dpdk.h:472
format_function_t format_dpdk_device_name
Definition: dpdk.h:515
void dpdk_device_config_hqos_default(dpdk_device_config_hqos_t *hqos)
Definition: hqos.c:205
int hqos_cpu_count
Definition: dpdk.h:435
vlib_log_class_t log_default
Definition: dpdk.h:453
struct rte_mempool ** pktmbuf_pools
Definition: dpdk.h:447
dpdk_device_hqos_per_hqos_thread_t * hqos_ht
Definition: dpdk.h:246
vlib_buffer_t buffer
Definition: dpdk.h:475
void dpdk_update_link_state(dpdk_device_t *xd, f64 now)
Definition: init.c:1494
dpdk_portid_t device_index
Definition: dpdk.h:202
u32 buffer_index
Definition: dpdk.h:471
format_function_t format_dpdk_rx_trace
Definition: dpdk.h:519
int pcap_enable
Definition: dpdk.h:421
u8 * name
Definition: dpdk.h:221
clib_error_t * dpdk_port_setup_hqos(dpdk_device_t *xd, dpdk_device_config_hqos_t *hqos)
Definition: hqos.c:247
vlib_buffer_t buffer
Definition: dpdk.h:465
dpdk_port_type_t
Definition: dpdk.h:101
struct _vlib_node_registration vlib_node_registration_t
Definition: dpdk.h:189
void dpdk_device_start(dpdk_device_t *xd)
Definition: common.c:163
pcap_main_t pcap_main
Definition: dpdk.h:404
clib_error_t * dpdk_buffer_pool_create(vlib_main_t *vm, unsigned num_mbufs, unsigned socket_id)
Definition: buffer.c:444
u8 admin_up_down_in_progress
Definition: dpdk.h:431
u8 no_tx_checksum_offload
Definition: dpdk.h:360
u64 uword
Definition: types.h:112
format_function_t format_dpdk_rx_offload_caps
Definition: dpdk.h:524
uint32_t * pipe_map
Definition: dpdk.h:314
u16 device_index
Definition: dpdk.h:461
u32 buffer_flags_template
Definition: dpdk.h:416
u16 next_index
Definition: dpdk.h:192
vnet_flow_dev_ops_function_t dpdk_flow_ops_fn
Definition: dpdk.h:527
int hqos_cpu_first_index
Definition: dpdk.h:434
struct rte_sched_subport_params * subport
Definition: dpdk.h:312
#define foreach_dpdk_device_config_item
Definition: dpdk.h:326
uword clib_bitmap_t
Definition: bitmap.h:50
dpdk_flow_entry_t * flow_entries
Definition: dpdk.h:238
i8 cpu_socket
Definition: dpdk.h:214
u16 msg_id_base
Definition: dpdk.h:450
u8 * uio_driver_name
Definition: dpdk.h:357
unformat_function_t unformat_dpdk_log_level
Definition: dpdk.h:526
u8 queue_index
Definition: dpdk.h:462
vnet_main_t * vnet_main
Definition: dpdk.h:443
u16 nb_tx_desc
Definition: dpdk.h:218
clib_error_t * unformat_hqos(unformat_input_t *input, dpdk_device_config_hqos_t *hqos)
Definition: format.c:939
uword * device_config_index_by_pci_addr
Definition: dpdk.h:378
u8 * buffer_pool_for_queue
Definition: dpdk.h:232
u32 flow_id
Definition: dpdk.h:191
f64 link_state_poll_interval
Definition: dpdk.h:438
u32 mark
Definition: dpdk.h:185
dpdk_config_main_t * conf
Definition: dpdk.h:444
int pcap_enable
Definition: dpdk.h:402
signed short i16
Definition: types.h:46
int() vnet_flow_dev_ops_function_t(struct vnet_main_t *vnm, vnet_flow_dev_op_t op, u32 hw_if_index, u32 index, uword *private_data)
Definition: interface.h:95
u16 queue_index
Definition: dpdk.h:473
vlib_main_t * vlib_main
Definition: dpdk.h:442